After my battery dying and being recharged, the driver's side door won't lock using the lock button on the door or the key fob.

This would seem to indicate that the electric actuator for the driver's door has a problem. It would appear that it has either burned out or jammed somehow, or the connecting rod from the actuator to the lock has disconnected or jammed, possibly by the wiring harness. If it is an electrical problem, it should not have been caused by charging the battery and it is probably just a coincidence that it happened after charging the battery. If you are going to fix it yourself, pull the door panel, reach in and see if you can move the actuator to lock and unlock position by hand. If you can, it is not jammed. Check to make sure the electrical connectors on the lock button and the lock actuator are tightly clipped into place. Also check that both ends of the connecting rod are properly clipped into place on the actuator and the lock mechanism. If they are, remove the actuator from the door and use jumper wires from the battery to the actuator contacts and see if it works. If you can actually hear the driver's lock clicking when you operate the switch, it is NOT an electric problem, but a mechanical one.